{
  "schema": 1,
  "version": "2026.11.12-r3",
  "reviewed": "2026-11-09",
  "next_review": "2026-11-16",
  "disclaimer": "Estimates only. Not a bill, not legal, tax or customs advice. Rules as of the review date; check the linked sources.",
  "rules": [
    {
      "id": "us.deminimis.800",
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "topic": "threshold",
      "title": "$800 de minimis (Section 321)",
      "summary": "Shipments of $800 or less entered duty-free.",
      "params": {
        "threshold": 800,
        "currency": "USD"
      },
      "effective_from": "2016-03-10",
      "effective_to": "2025-08-29",
      "source_url": "https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2026/02/continuing-the-suspension-of-duty-free-de-minimis-treatment-for-all-countries/",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "note": "History only. Suspended from 29 Aug 2025."
    },
    {
      "id": "us.deminimis.suspended",
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "topic": "threshold",
      "title": "De minimis suspended for every country and mode",
      "summary": "No duty-free treatment for low-value shipments, including postal. Continued by EO 14388 (20 Feb 2026) and codified by CBP rule (24 Jun 2026) on CBP's own authority.",
      "params": {
        "threshold": 0,
        "currency": "USD"
      },
      "effective_from": "2025-08-29",
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/06/24/2026-12669/indefinite-suspension-of-the-de-minimis-exemption-for-mail-shipments-and-new-postal-informal-entry",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed"
    },
    {
      "id": "us.gift.100",
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "topic": "exemption",
      "title": "Bona fide gift exemption ($100)",
      "summary": "Gift and traveller exemptions are not affected by the de minimis suspension.",
      "params": {
        "threshold": 100,
        "currency": "USD"
      },
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/06/24/2026-12669/indefinite-suspension-of-the-de-minimis-exemption-for-mail-shipments-and-new-postal-informal-entry",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "date_note": "Long-standing; start date not captured."
    },
    {
      "id": "us.ieepa",
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "topic": "tariff",
      "title": "IEEPA tariffs (struck down)",
      "summary": "Supreme Court (Learning Resources v. Trump, 20 Feb 2026) held IEEPA does not authorize tariffs. Collection stopped 24 Feb 2026. Rates are not modelled here; these duties are refundable.",
      "params": {
        "modelled": false
      },
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": "2026-02-24",
      "source_url": "https://zonos.com/us-tariff-updates",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "date_note": "Start dates varied by order (2025); not modelled."
    },
    {
      "id": "us.s122",
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "topic": "tariff",
      "title": "Section 122 surcharge 10%",
      "summary": "Global 10% surcharge. For postal shipments it replaced all other duties in this window. USMCA-compliant goods excluded (commercial).",
      "params": {
        "rate": 10
      },
      "effective_from": "2026-02-24",
      "effective_to": "2026-07-24",
      "source_url": "https://zonos.com/us-tariff-updates",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed"
    },
    {
      "id": "us.postal.normal_duties",
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "topic": "scope",
      "title": "MFN, s232 and s301 apply to postal shipments",
      "summary": "From 24 Jul 2026 postal parcels pay the same duty structure as courier parcels. Before that, postal paid only the s122 rate.",
      "params": {},
      "effective_from": "2026-07-24",
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://zonos.com/us-tariff-updates",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed"
    },
    {
      "id": "us.s301.forced_labor",
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "topic": "tariff",
      "title": "Section 301 forced-labor tariff (60 economies)",
      "summary": "10% for 17 economies; 12.5% for most other investigated economies incl. China and Vietnam; EU and Taiwan capped at 10% total net of MFN; Japan, Korea, Switzerland capped at 12.5% net of MFN. Exempt: goods under s232, USMCA-compliant goods.",
      "params": {
        "ten": [
          "AR",
          "BD",
          "KH",
          "CA",
          "EC",
          "SV",
          "GT",
          "HN",
          "IN",
          "ID",
          "JO",
          "MY",
          "MX",
          "PK",
          "LK",
          "TT",
          "GB"
        ],
        "twelve_five_known": [
          "CN",
          "VN",
          "BR"
        ],
        "capped": {
          "EU": 10,
          "TW": 10,
          "JP": 12.5,
          "KR": 12.5,
          "CH": 12.5
        }
      },
      "effective_from": "2026-07-24",
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://zonos.com/us-tariff-updates",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed"
    },
    {
      "id": "us.s301.forced_labor.other_origins",
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "topic": "tariff",
      "title": "Forced-labor tariff: origins not in Parcelsline's list",
      "summary": "The full list of 60 economies is not in this data. Origins outside the lists above may be 12.5% or 0%. Shown as a possible extra.",
      "params": {
        "rate": 12.5
      },
      "effective_from": "2026-07-24",
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.everycrsreport.com/files/2026-10-08_R49481_ab4c7edd9ff7686b08fe8599738ceea629983ebf.html",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "unconfirmed"
    },
    {
      "id": "us.s301.china_lists",
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "topic": "tariff",
      "title": "China legacy s301 lists (7.5% / 25% / higher 2024 rates)",
      "summary": "Still stacked on Chinese-origin goods. Rate depends on the HTS line, so you enter it.",
      "params": {
        "user_rate": true
      },
      "effective_from": "2018-07-06",
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.everycrsreport.com/files/2026-08-18_IF12990_14ccd12da67621f43a5900d120708a96758b9735.pdf",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed"
    },
    {
      "id": "us.s301.brazil",
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "topic": "tariff",
      "title": "Brazil s301 25%",
      "summary": "25% on most Brazilian goods, separate from and stackable with the forced-labor tariff; large exemption annex.",
      "params": {
        "rate": 25
      },
      "effective_from": "2026-07-22",
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://zonos.com/us-tariff-updates",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed"
    },
    {
      "id": "us.s338.canada",
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "topic": "tariff",
      "title": "Section 338 50% on listed Canadian-origin goods",
      "summary": "Applies even to USMCA goods. Scope changed 15 Sep 2026. Only listed tariff lines.",
      "params": {
        "rate": 50
      },
      "effective_from": "2026-08-22",
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://zonos.com/us-tariff-updates",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed"
    },
    {
      "id": "us.s232",
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "topic": "tariff",
      "title": "Section 232 sector tariffs",
      "summary": "Steel/aluminum/copper, autos and parts, lumber, semiconductors and more; rate depends on the product, so you enter it. Goods under s232 are exempt from the forced-labor tariff.",
      "params": {
        "user_rate": true
      },
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.everycrsreport.com/files/2026-10-08_R49481_ab4c7edd9ff7686b08fe8599738ceea629983ebf.html",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "date_note": "Multiple proclamations; start dates vary by sector."
    },
    {
      "id": "us.postal.ddp_2500",
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "topic": "process",
      "title": "Postal parcels under $2,500 need prepaid duties",
      "summary": "Trigger is the arrival date. Entry must be filed by the owner/purchaser or a licensed US broker. FTA (USMCA) preference cannot currently be claimed in the postal channel.",
      "params": {
        "threshold": 2500
      },
      "effective_from": "2026-07-24",
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://zonos.com/us-tariff-updates",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed"
    },
    {
      "id": "us.entry13",
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "topic": "process",
      "title": "Entry Type 13 mandatory for mail",
      "summary": "Electronic informal mail entry becomes mandatory for goods with s201/232/301 duties or PGA data. Extended from 22 Oct 2026.",
      "params": {},
      "effective_from": "2027-01-20",
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/10/22/2026-21600/indefinite-suspension-of-the-de-minimis-exemption-for-mail-shipments-and-new-postal-informal-entry",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed"
    },
    {
      "id": "us.postal.service_status",
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "topic": "process",
      "title": "Postal service to the US: partly restored",
      "summary": "After Aug 2025 many posts suspended US-bound goods. Most major operators resumed under prepaid (DDP) or business terms; Canada Post lists all US services available (1 Oct 2026); Finland's Posti still suspends goods (17 Oct 2026). Check your sender's post.",
      "params": {},
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.posti.fi/en/latest-news-at-posti/trump-administration-decision",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "date_note": "Status changes often; snapshot at review.",
      "note": "Also: Canada Post service alert of 1 Oct 2026."
    },
    {
      "id": "us.formal_entry",
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "topic": "process",
      "title": "Formal entry above $2,500",
      "summary": "Informal entry up to $2,500; formal entry above (or for quota/AD/CVD goods).",
      "params": {
        "threshold": 2500
      },
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.cbp.gov/trade/basic-import-export/e-commerce/faqs",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "date_note": "Long-standing."
    },
    {
      "id": "us.fee.usps",
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "topic": "fee",
      "carrier": "usps",
      "title": "USPS customs clearance and delivery fee",
      "summary": "$9.35 per dutiable inbound item (competitive price). Not charged on inbound letters/flats from 12 Jul 2026. Not refundable by USPS even if CBP later refunds duty.",
      "params": {
        "amount": 9.35,
        "currency": "USD"
      },
      "effective_from": "2026-01-18",
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://about.usps.com/postal-bulletin/2026/pb22693/html/updt_005.htm",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "note": "Re-verified 22 Oct 2026 against Postal Bulletin 22693 (Notice 123)."
    },
    {
      "id": "us.fee.ups",
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "topic": "fee",
      "carrier": "ups",
      "title": "UPS disbursement fee",
      "summary": "2.5% of duties and taxes advanced, minimum $17.50. Brokerage entry fees extra.",
      "params": {
        "pct": 2.5,
        "min": 17.5,
        "currency": "USD"
      },
      "effective_from": "2026-09-07",
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.ups.com/us/en/support/shipping-support/shipping-costs-rates",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "note": "Re-verified 22 Oct 2026 on ups.com (was 2%, min $17.00 from 11 May 2026)."
    },
    {
      "id": "us.fee.ups_icod",
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "topic": "fee",
      "carrier": "ups",
      "title": "UPS collect-on-delivery fee for import charges",
      "summary": "$12 extra if duties/taxes are paid at the door instead of online before delivery.",
      "params": {
        "amount": 12,
        "currency": "USD"
      },
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.ups.com/us/en/shipping/international-shipping/import-fees",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "date_note": "In force at review."
    },
    {
      "id": "us.fee.fedex",
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "topic": "fee",
      "carrier": "fedex",
      "title": "FedEx ancillary clearance fee",
      "summary": "Greater of $17.50 or 2.5% of duties and taxes. Entry/brokerage fees may be extra.",
      "params": {
        "pct": 2.5,
        "min": 17.5,
        "currency": "USD"
      },
      "effective_from": "2026-07-20",
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.fedex.com/content/dam/fedex/apac-asia-pacific/downloads/fedex-customs-clearance-surcharge-july2026.pdf",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed"
    },
    {
      "id": "us.fee.dhl",
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "topic": "fee",
      "carrier": "dhl-express",
      "title": "DHL Express US duty/tax paid fee",
      "summary": "Greater of $17.50 or 2% of duties and taxes.",
      "params": {
        "pct": 2,
        "min": 17.5,
        "currency": "USD"
      },
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.dhl.com/us-en/home/express/products-and-solutions/products-and-services-overview/customs-services.html",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "date_note": "In force at review; start date not captured."
    },
    {
      "id": "eu.vat.no_exemption",
      "jurisdiction": "EU",
      "topic": "tax",
      "title": "Import VAT from the first euro",
      "summary": "No VAT exemption since 1 Jul 2021. IOSS (consignments up to €150) collects VAT at checkout; otherwise VAT is collected at import.",
      "params": {
        "ioss_cap": 150,
        "currency": "EUR"
      },
      "effective_from": "2021-07-01",
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/customs/eu-customs-reform_en",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed"
    },
    {
      "id": "eu.duty.relief150",
      "jurisdiction": "EU",
      "topic": "threshold",
      "title": "€150 customs-duty relief",
      "summary": "Consignments up to €150 were duty-free.",
      "params": {
        "threshold": 150,
        "currency": "EUR"
      },
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": "2026-07-01",
      "source_url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32026R0382",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "note": "Abolished by Reg. (EU) 2026/382.",
      "date_note": "Long-standing relief; only the end date matters here."
    },
    {
      "id": "eu.duty.flat3",
      "jurisdiction": "EU",
      "topic": "tariff",
      "title": "Temporary €3 duty per item",
      "summary": "€3 per distinct tariff subheading (not per unit, not per parcel) in consignments up to €150, for IOSS or postal consignments. 5 T-shirts = €3; T-shirt + watch = €6. Levied on the declarant (seller/IOSS holder/representative).",
      "params": {
        "amount": 3,
        "threshold": 150,
        "currency": "EUR",
        "per": "distinct_subheading"
      },
      "effective_from": "2026-07-01",
      "effective_to": "2028-07-01",
      "source_url": "https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/news/guidance-and-legal-text-temporary-flat-fee-low-value-imports-which-will-apply-until-1-july-2028-2026-06-08_en",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed"
    },
    {
      "id": "eu.duty.flat3.courier_non_ioss",
      "jurisdiction": "EU",
      "topic": "tariff",
      "title": "€3 duty on non-IOSS courier parcels",
      "summary": "The Commission says the €3 duty covers all distance-sale consignments up to €150 regardless of VAT scheme; the Regulation text names IOSS and postal. Scope for non-IOSS courier parcels is treated as unconfirmed.",
      "params": {
        "amount": 3,
        "currency": "EUR"
      },
      "effective_from": "2026-07-01",
      "effective_to": "2028-07-01",
      "source_url": "https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/news/guidance-and-legal-text-temporary-flat-fee-low-value-imports-which-will-apply-until-1-july-2028-2026-06-08_en",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "unconfirmed"
    },
    {
      "id": "eu.fee.union2",
      "jurisdiction": "EU",
      "topic": "fee",
      "title": "€2 Union handling fee per item",
      "summary": "Live since 1 Nov 2026. €2 per distinct customs item (a declaration line / distinct item — two identical pens count as one item) at any parcel value, on top of the €3 duty per item. The seller or delivery company pays and may pass the cost to the buyer at checkout or on delivery. Never refunded, even if the goods are faulty.",
      "params": {
        "amount": 2,
        "currency": "EUR",
        "per": "item"
      },
      "effective_from": "2026-11-01",
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=OJ%3AL_202602152",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-11-02",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "note": "Delegated Regulation (EU) 2026/2152, published in the Official Journal 22 Oct 2026, live 1 Nov 2026. Also Ireland Revenue (pr-092926) and the Eurlexa timeline."
    },
    {
      "id": "eu.fee.ro",
      "jurisdiction": "RO",
      "topic": "fee",
      "title": "Romania logistics fee",
      "summary": "25 lei (about €5) per parcel under €150 from outside the EU; non-refundable. Stacks with the EU €3 duty. Government rejected repeal in Sep 2026.",
      "params": {
        "amount": 25,
        "currency": "RON",
        "threshold": 150
      },
      "effective_from": "2026-01-01",
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.deloitte.com/ro/en/our-thinking/articles/romania-si-italia-primele-care-aplica-taxa-logistica-pe-coletele-sub-de-euro-din-afara-ue-urmeaza-taxa-vamala.html",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "note": "Re-verified 22 Oct 2026 (business24.ro)."
    },
    {
      "id": "eu.fee.fr",
      "jurisdiction": "FR",
      "topic": "fee",
      "title": "France €2 per item fee",
      "summary": "'Taxe sur les petits colis': €2 per item (HS6) on low-value consignments. Abolished on 1 Jul 2026 when the EU €3 duty started.",
      "params": {
        "amount": 2,
        "currency": "EUR",
        "per": "item"
      },
      "effective_from": "2026-03-01",
      "effective_to": "2026-07-01",
      "source_url": "https://www.douane.gouv.fr/actualites/taxe-sur-les-petits-colis-point-dinformation-sur-sa-mise-en-oeuvre",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "note": "Corrected 22 Oct 2026: ended 1 Jul 2026 (French customs), not 31 Dec 2026."
    },
    {
      "id": "eu.fee.it",
      "jurisdiction": "IT",
      "topic": "fee",
      "title": "Italy €2 per consignment fee",
      "summary": "€2 per consignment of declared value up to €150 from outside the EU (Law 199/2025, art. 1 commi 126-128). DL 193/2026 art. 1 comma 3 postpones the start to 1 Jan 2027. Status possible: A.C. 3174 art. 30 proposes repeal before it applies. Never collected so far.",
      "params": {
        "amount": 2,
        "currency": "EUR",
        "per": "consignment",
        "status": "possible"
      },
      "effective_from": "2027-01-01",
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:decreto.legge:2026-10-23;193",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-11-09",
      "confidence": "possible",
      "note": "Primary text: Normattiva, art. 1 comma 3 of DL 23 Oct 2026 n. 193 replaces the words \"1° ottobre 2026\" with \"1° gennaio 2027\" in art. 5 comma 1 of DL 38/2026. Gazette record (metadata; full text not inline): https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2026/10/23/26G00216/sg — GU Serie Generale n. 247 of 23 Oct 2026, in force 24 Oct 2026 (the day after publication; art. 11). Conversion deadline 22 Dec 2026: Constitution art. 77 requires conversion within 60 days from publication. The publication day (23 Oct) is excluded; day 1 is 24 Oct; the 60th day is 22 Dec (8 days left in October + 30 in November + 22 in December = 60). Art. 1 comma 4 letter b of DL 193 repeals art. 4 of DL 162/2026, so 16 Nov 2026 is not an operative deadline. Repeal is proposed, not law: Camera technical relation to A.C. 3174, Art. 30, https://documenti.camera.it/leg19/pdl/pdf/leg.19.pdl.camera.3174.19PDL0221140.pdf",
      "consumer_impact": "What this means for you: This Italian €2 is not charged on parcels that arrive in December 2026. From 1 January 2027 it is scheduled but the government has proposed cancelling it. On a typical €25 order (one item type) you already pay the EU €3 duty + €2 handling fee; the Italian €2 would be an extra possible charge only from Jan 2027, and it is not refunded if you return the goods. Check whether the seller included fees at checkout and keep your order confirmation."
    },
    {
      "id": "eu.dhl.b2c_individual",
      "jurisdiction": "EU",
      "topic": "process",
      "title": "DHL: consolidated B2C clearance ended 1 Nov 2026",
      "summary": "DHL states that from 1 November 2026 consolidated (bulk) customs clearance of B2C shipments to the EU is discontinued and every shipment is cleared individually. This does not change the duty or fee amounts.",
      "params": {},
      "effective_from": "2026-11-01",
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.dhl.com/discover/en-jp/logistics-advice/import-export-advice/de-minimis-eu",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-11-09",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "note": "Quoted from the DHL Discover page (updated 25 Oct 2026): \"From 1 November 2026, consolidated (bulk) customs clearance of B2C shipments to the EU will be discontinued, and every shipment will be cleared individually.\" Not a charge. Shown in the EU knowledge article only."
    },
    {
      "id": "eu.fee.nl_be",
      "jurisdiction": "EU",
      "topic": "fee",
      "title": "Netherlands and Belgium national fees",
      "summary": "Netherlands postponed; Belgium withdrawn. No national fee modelled.",
      "params": {},
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://simplyvat.com/blog/small-parcel-levy/",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "date_note": "Status at review."
    },
    {
      "id": "de.fee.deutsche_post",
      "jurisdiction": "DE",
      "topic": "fee",
      "carrier": "deutsche-post",
      "title": "Deutsche Post / DHL Paket advance fee",
      "summary": "€7.50 when import charges arise (Auslagepauschale).",
      "params": {
        "amount": 7.5,
        "currency": "EUR"
      },
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.dhl.de/de/privatkunden/hilfe-kundenservice/themen/international/zoll/fragen-zu-kosten.html",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "date_note": "In force at review."
    },
    {
      "id": "nl.fee.postnl",
      "jurisdiction": "NL",
      "topic": "fee",
      "carrier": "postnl",
      "title": "PostNL clearance fee",
      "summary": "€10 per parcel up to €150; €16 above, and €16 for extended declarations even below €150 (alcohol, perfume, tobacco, licensed goods). PostNL counts the product lines the sender declared for the €3 duty.",
      "params": {
        "low": 10,
        "high": 16,
        "threshold": 150,
        "currency": "EUR"
      },
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.postnl.nl/klantenservice/inklaringskosten/berekenen/",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "date_note": "Re-verified 22 Oct 2026."
    },
    {
      "id": "eu.reform.permanent",
      "jurisdiction": "EU",
      "topic": "process",
      "title": "Permanent regime: normal tariff rates for all goods",
      "summary": "When the EU Customs Data Hub is live (expected 2028). UCC recast is Reg. (EU) 2026/2108.",
      "params": {},
      "effective_from": "2028-07-01",
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/customs/eu-customs-reform_en",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "unconfirmed",
      "note": "Date is an expectation."
    },
    {
      "id": "uk.lvi.135",
      "jurisdiction": "GB",
      "topic": "threshold",
      "title": "£135 low-value regime",
      "summary": "No customs duty on non-excise goods up to £135; seller/marketplace charges UK VAT at sale. Above £135, VAT and duty are collected before delivery on goods + postage + insurance (+ duty).",
      "params": {
        "threshold": 135,
        "currency": "GBP"
      },
      "effective_from": "2021-01-01",
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/goods-sent-from-abroad/tax-and-duty",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "note": "Relief to be removed by October 2028 at the latest."
    },
    {
      "id": "uk.vat.standard",
      "jurisdiction": "GB",
      "topic": "tax",
      "title": "UK VAT 20% standard rate",
      "summary": "Reduced (5%) and zero rates exist for some goods.",
      "params": {
        "rate": 20,
        "options": [
          20,
          5,
          0
        ]
      },
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/goods-sent-from-abroad/tax-and-duty",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "date_note": "Long-standing."
    },
    {
      "id": "uk.gift.39",
      "jurisdiction": "GB",
      "topic": "exemption",
      "title": "Gifts up to £39 VAT-free",
      "summary": "Private gifts worth £39 or less carry no VAT.",
      "params": {
        "threshold": 39,
        "currency": "GBP"
      },
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/goods-sent-from-abroad/tax-and-duty",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "date_note": "Long-standing."
    },
    {
      "id": "uk.ni.flat3",
      "jurisdiction": "GB-NI",
      "topic": "tariff",
      "title": "Northern Ireland 'at risk' €3 per item",
      "summary": "Non-business consignments up to £135 into Northern Ireland pay €3 per item, charged in sterling.",
      "params": {
        "amount": 3,
        "currency": "EUR"
      },
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/goods-sent-from-abroad/tax-and-duty",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "date_note": "Start date not captured; confirmed in force at review."
    },
    {
      "id": "uk.fee.royal_mail",
      "jurisdiction": "GB",
      "topic": "fee",
      "carrier": "royal-mail",
      "title": "Royal Mail handling fee",
      "summary": "£8; £25 for goods over £900 (full declaration).",
      "params": {
        "amount": 8,
        "high": 25,
        "high_threshold": 900,
        "currency": "GBP"
      },
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.royalmail.com/receiving-mail/pay-a-fee",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "date_note": "In force at review."
    },
    {
      "id": "uk.fee.parcelforce",
      "jurisdiction": "GB",
      "topic": "fee",
      "carrier": "parcelforce",
      "title": "Parcelforce handling fee",
      "summary": "£12; £25 for goods over £900 (full declaration).",
      "params": {
        "amount": 12,
        "high": 25,
        "high_threshold": 900,
        "currency": "GBP"
      },
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.royalmail.com/receiving-mail/pay-a-fee",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "date_note": "In force at review."
    },
    {
      "id": "uk.fee.dhl",
      "jurisdiction": "GB",
      "topic": "fee",
      "carrier": "dhl-express",
      "title": "DHL Express UK duty tax processing",
      "summary": "2.5% of duty and VAT, minimum £11 (non-account holders).",
      "params": {
        "pct": 2.5,
        "min": 11,
        "currency": "GBP"
      },
      "effective_from": "2026-01-01",
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://mydhl.express.dhl/content/dam/downloads/gb/en/rate-guide/service_and_rate_guide_gb_en.pdf",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "note": "From the 2026 rate guide."
    },
    {
      "id": "uk.fee.fedex",
      "jurisdiction": "GB",
      "topic": "fee",
      "carrier": "fedex",
      "title": "FedEx UK disbursement fee",
      "summary": "Greater of £12.90 or 2.5% of duty and tax (simplified from tiers).",
      "params": {
        "pct": 2.5,
        "min": 12.9,
        "currency": "GBP"
      },
      "effective_from": "2026-07-20",
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.fedex.com/en-gb/shipping/surcharge-updates.html",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed"
    },
    {
      "id": "uk.fee.ups",
      "jurisdiction": "GB",
      "topic": "fee",
      "carrier": "ups",
      "title": "UPS UK disbursement fee",
      "summary": "Reported as the greater of £14.35 or 3% of the amount UPS advances. Could not open the UPS guide to confirm.",
      "params": {
        "pct": 3,
        "min": 14.35,
        "currency": "GBP"
      },
      "effective_from": "2026-01-01",
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://assets.ups.com/adobe/assets/urn:aaid:aem:879d1ff1-c879-445f-9151-4f46ce1959f4/original/as/service-guide-base-gb-en.pdf",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "unconfirmed",
      "note": "Figure from a search summary of the UPS 2026 UK service guide."
    },
    {
      "id": "uk.reform.2028",
      "jurisdiction": "GB",
      "topic": "process",
      "title": "£135 relief removal",
      "summary": "Low-value relief to be removed by October 2028 at the latest; standard classification, fiscal representative concept, £39 gift relief kept.",
      "params": {},
      "effective_from": "2028-10-01",
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/reforming-the-customs-treatment-of-low-value-imports-into-the-united-kingdom/outcome/reforming-the-customs-treatment-of-low-value-imports-into-the-united-kingdom-consultation-response",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "unconfirmed",
      "note": "'At the latest' date; exact go-live not set."
    },
    {
      "id": "ca.lvs.post",
      "jurisdiction": "CA",
      "topic": "threshold",
      "title": "Mail: C$20 duty- and tax-free",
      "summary": "Any origin. Above C$20 duty and tax apply.",
      "params": {
        "free": 20,
        "currency": "CAD"
      },
      "effective_from": "2020-07-01",
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/services/cusma-aceum/lvs-efv-eng.html",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed"
    },
    {
      "id": "ca.lvs.courier_cusma",
      "jurisdiction": "CA",
      "topic": "threshold",
      "title": "Courier from US/Mexico: C$40 / C$150",
      "summary": "Up to C$40 duty- and tax-free; C$40.01-150 duty-free but GST/HST applies; above C$150 duty and tax.",
      "params": {
        "free": 40,
        "duty_free": 150,
        "currency": "CAD"
      },
      "effective_from": "2020-07-01",
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/services/cusma-aceum/lvs-efv-eng.html",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed"
    },
    {
      "id": "ca.lvs.courier_other",
      "jurisdiction": "CA",
      "topic": "threshold",
      "title": "Courier from other countries: C$20",
      "summary": "Up to C$20 duty- and tax-free.",
      "params": {
        "free": 20,
        "currency": "CAD"
      },
      "effective_from": "2020-07-01",
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/services/cusma-aceum/lvs-efv-eng.html",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed"
    },
    {
      "id": "ca.tax.gst_hst",
      "jurisdiction": "CA",
      "topic": "tax",
      "title": "GST/HST rates",
      "summary": "5% GST; HST 13% ON, 14% NS, 15% NB/NL/PE. BC, MB, SK, QC add provincial tax (collection at import not modelled).",
      "params": {
        "options": [
          5,
          13,
          14,
          15
        ]
      },
      "effective_from": "2025-04-01",
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/revenue-agency/services/tax/businesses/topics/gst-hst-businesses/charge-collect-which-rate/calculator.html",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed"
    },
    {
      "id": "ca.fee.canada_post",
      "jurisdiction": "CA",
      "topic": "fee",
      "carrier": "canada-post",
      "title": "Canada Post handling fee",
      "summary": "C$9.95 per item when duty or tax is charged.",
      "params": {
        "amount": 9.95,
        "currency": "CAD"
      },
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/publications/dm-md/d5/d5-1-1-eng.html",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "date_note": "In force at review."
    },
    {
      "id": "ca.fee.dhl",
      "jurisdiction": "CA",
      "topic": "fee",
      "carrier": "dhl-express",
      "title": "DHL Express Canada customs clearance",
      "summary": "2.75% of duty and tax, minimum C$18.00 for customers without a DHL brokerage account.",
      "params": {
        "pct": 2.75,
        "min": 18,
        "currency": "CAD"
      },
      "effective_from": "2026-01-01",
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://mydhl.express.dhl/content/dam/downloads/ca/en/rate-guide/service_and_rate_guide_ca_en_2026.pdf",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "note": "From the DHL Express Canada 2026 service and rate guide."
    },
    {
      "id": "ca.fee.ups_entry",
      "jurisdiction": "CA",
      "topic": "fee",
      "carrier": "ups",
      "title": "UPS Canada entry preparation fee",
      "summary": "Value-banded: reported from C$19.10 for C$40.01-60 up to C$134.55 for C$1,600.01-2,500 (UPS Standard; Express includes routine clearance).",
      "params": {
        "band_low": 40.01,
        "band_high": 60,
        "amount": 19.1,
        "currency": "CAD"
      },
      "effective_from": "2026-01-01",
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://assets.ups.com/adobe/assets/urn:aaid:aem:e359415f-4c37-47c2-b57d-c2ab60b6f527/original/as/rate-guide-ca-en.pdf",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "unconfirmed",
      "note": "Only the lowest band is modelled."
    },
    {
      "id": "ca.fee.fedex_entry",
      "jurisdiction": "CA",
      "topic": "fee",
      "carrier": "fedex",
      "title": "FedEx Canada clearance fee (ground)",
      "summary": "Value-banded: reported C$0 up to C$40, C$17.25 for C$40.01-60, rising to C$82 above C$3,300.",
      "params": {
        "band_low": 40.01,
        "band_high": 60,
        "amount": 17.25,
        "currency": "CAD"
      },
      "effective_from": "2026-01-01",
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.jetworldwide.com/hubfs/fedex%20UPS%20ground%20entry%20preparation%20costs%20Canada%202026.pdf",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "unconfirmed",
      "note": "From a reseller summary; only the lowest band is modelled."
    },
    {
      "id": "ca.surtax.remission",
      "jurisdiction": "CA",
      "topic": "exemption",
      "title": "US Surtax Remission Order",
      "summary": "Businesses can claim remission of the surtax on qualifying inputs (manufacturing, processing, packaging, agriculture, etc.). CN 25-19 updated 8 Oct 2026. Not for consumer purchases.",
      "params": {},
      "effective_from": "2026-09-08",
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/publications/cn-ad/cn25-19-eng.html",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed"
    },
    {
      "id": "ca.surtax.us",
      "jurisdiction": "CA",
      "topic": "tariff",
      "title": "Surtax on listed US-origin goods (15/25/50%)",
      "summary": "700+ listed US-origin goods (by origin, not ship-from). Applies even below the low-value thresholds; GST is computed on value plus surtax.",
      "params": {
        "options": [
          15,
          25,
          50
        ]
      },
      "effective_from": "2026-09-08",
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/publications/cn-ad/cn26-23-eng.html",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed"
    },
    {
      "id": "au.lvi.1000",
      "jurisdiction": "AU",
      "topic": "threshold",
      "title": "A$1,000 border threshold",
      "summary": "Goods up to A$1,000 generally pay no duty, GST or charges at the border (except tobacco/alcohol). Above that, an import declaration with duty + GST + charges.",
      "params": {
        "threshold": 1000,
        "currency": "AUD"
      },
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.abf.gov.au/importing-exporting-and-manufacturing/importing/how-to-import/import-declaration",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "date_note": "Long-standing."
    },
    {
      "id": "au.gst.lvg",
      "jurisdiction": "AU",
      "topic": "tax",
      "title": "10% GST on low-value imports at checkout",
      "summary": "Collected at point of sale by overseas vendors, marketplaces and redeliverers.",
      "params": {
        "rate": 10
      },
      "effective_from": "2018-07-01",
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.ato.gov.au/businesses-and-organisations/international-tax-for-business/gst-for-non-resident-businesses/gst-on-low-value-imported-goods",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed"
    },
    {
      "id": "au.ipc",
      "jurisdiction": "AU",
      "topic": "fee",
      "title": "Import processing charge (electronic declaration)",
      "summary": "A$0 up to A$1,000; A$50 above A$1,000 and under A$10,000; A$152 from A$10,000 (sea, air or post). Documentary lodgement costs more.",
      "params": {
        "mid": 50,
        "high": 152,
        "high_threshold": 10000,
        "currency": "AUD"
      },
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.abf.gov.au/importing-exporting-and-manufacturing/importing/cost-of-importing-goods/charges/import-processing-charge",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "date_note": "In force at review."
    },
    {
      "id": "au.biosecurity",
      "jurisdiction": "AU",
      "topic": "fee",
      "title": "Biosecurity charge on full import declarations",
      "summary": "A$48 (air) or A$71 (sea) per full import declaration over A$1,000.",
      "params": {
        "air": 48,
        "sea": 71,
        "currency": "AUD"
      },
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.abf.gov.au/importing-exporting-and-manufacturing/importing/cost-of-importing-goods/charges/import-processing-charge",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "date_note": "Per ACN 2026/23; in force at review."
    },
    {
      "id": "au.broker",
      "jurisdiction": "AU",
      "topic": "fee",
      "title": "Broker / carrier fees above A$1,000",
      "summary": "Couriers and brokers add their own clearance fees; amounts not verified. The general duty rate is not verified here either.",
      "params": {},
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.abf.gov.au/importing-exporting-and-manufacturing/importing/how-to-import/import-declaration",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "unconfirmed",
      "date_note": "Amounts and dates not verified."
    }
  ],
  "countries": [
    {
      "code": "US",
      "name": "United States",
      "currency": "USD",
      "region": "US",
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.cbp.gov/trade/basic-import-export/e-commerce/faqs",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "date_note": "Destination metadata."
    },
    {
      "code": "GB",
      "name": "United Kingdom (GB)",
      "currency": "GBP",
      "region": "GB",
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/goods-sent-from-abroad/tax-and-duty",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "date_note": "Destination metadata."
    },
    {
      "code": "GB-NI",
      "name": "Northern Ireland",
      "currency": "GBP",
      "region": "GB",
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/goods-sent-from-abroad/tax-and-duty",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "date_note": "Destination metadata."
    },
    {
      "code": "CA",
      "name": "Canada",
      "currency": "CAD",
      "region": "CA",
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/revenue-agency/services/tax/businesses/topics/gst-hst-businesses/charge-collect-which-rate/calculator.html",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "date_note": "Destination metadata."
    },
    {
      "code": "AU",
      "name": "Australia",
      "currency": "AUD",
      "region": "AU",
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.ato.gov.au/businesses-and-organisations/international-tax-for-business/gst-for-non-resident-businesses/gst-on-low-value-imported-goods",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "date_note": "Destination metadata."
    },
    {
      "code": "DE",
      "name": "Germany",
      "currency": "EUR",
      "region": "EU",
      "vat": 19,
      "post": "deutsche-post",
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/finance-and-tax/vat/vat-rules-rates/index_en.htm",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "date_note": "Standard VAT rates per europa.eu as of 2026."
    },
    {
      "code": "FR",
      "name": "France",
      "currency": "EUR",
      "region": "EU",
      "vat": 20,
      "post": "la-poste",
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/finance-and-tax/vat/vat-rules-rates/index_en.htm",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "date_note": "Standard VAT rates per europa.eu as of 2026."
    },
    {
      "code": "NL",
      "name": "Netherlands",
      "currency": "EUR",
      "region": "EU",
      "vat": 21,
      "post": "postnl",
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/finance-and-tax/vat/vat-rules-rates/index_en.htm",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "date_note": "Standard VAT rates per europa.eu as of 2026."
    },
    {
      "code": "IT",
      "name": "Italy",
      "currency": "EUR",
      "region": "EU",
      "vat": 22,
      "post": "poste-italiane",
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/finance-and-tax/vat/vat-rules-rates/index_en.htm",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "date_note": "Standard VAT rates per europa.eu as of 2026."
    },
    {
      "code": "IE",
      "name": "Ireland",
      "currency": "EUR",
      "region": "EU",
      "vat": 23,
      "post": "an-post",
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/finance-and-tax/vat/vat-rules-rates/index_en.htm",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "date_note": "Standard VAT rates per europa.eu as of 2026."
    },
    {
      "code": "ES",
      "name": "Spain",
      "currency": "EUR",
      "region": "EU",
      "vat": 21,
      "post": "correos",
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/finance-and-tax/vat/vat-rules-rates/index_en.htm",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "date_note": "Standard VAT rates per europa.eu as of 2026."
    },
    {
      "code": "BE",
      "name": "Belgium",
      "currency": "EUR",
      "region": "EU",
      "vat": 21,
      "post": "bpost",
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/finance-and-tax/vat/vat-rules-rates/index_en.htm",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "date_note": "Standard VAT rates per europa.eu as of 2026."
    },
    {
      "code": "RO",
      "name": "Romania",
      "currency": "EUR",
      "region": "EU",
      "vat": 21,
      "post": "posta-romana",
      "note": "Enter values in euro; Romania's fee is in lei.",
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/finance-and-tax/vat/vat-rules-rates/index_en.htm",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "date_note": "Standard VAT rates per europa.eu as of 2026."
    }
  ],
  "carriers": [
    {
      "id": "usps",
      "name": "USPS",
      "mode": "post",
      "destinations": [
        "US"
      ],
      "domains": [
        "usps.com"
      ],
      "home": "https://www.usps.com/",
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.usps.com/",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "date_note": "Official domain list used by the link checker."
    },
    {
      "id": "ups",
      "name": "UPS",
      "mode": "courier",
      "destinations": [
        "US",
        "GB",
        "GB-NI",
        "CA",
        "AU",
        "DE",
        "FR",
        "NL",
        "IT",
        "IE",
        "ES",
        "BE",
        "RO"
      ],
      "domains": [
        "ups.com"
      ],
      "home": "https://www.ups.com/",
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.ups.com/",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "date_note": "Official domain list used by the link checker."
    },
    {
      "id": "fedex",
      "name": "FedEx",
      "mode": "courier",
      "destinations": [
        "US",
        "GB",
        "GB-NI",
        "CA",
        "AU",
        "DE",
        "FR",
        "NL",
        "IT",
        "IE",
        "ES",
        "BE",
        "RO"
      ],
      "domains": [
        "fedex.com"
      ],
      "home": "https://www.fedex.com/",
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.fedex.com/",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "date_note": "Official domain list used by the link checker."
    },
    {
      "id": "dhl-express",
      "name": "DHL Express",
      "mode": "courier",
      "destinations": [
        "US",
        "GB",
        "GB-NI",
        "CA",
        "AU",
        "DE",
        "FR",
        "NL",
        "IT",
        "IE",
        "ES",
        "BE",
        "RO"
      ],
      "domains": [
        "dhl.com",
        "dhl.de",
        "dhl.co.uk",
        "express.dhl"
      ],
      "home": "https://www.dhl.com/",
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.dhl.com/",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "date_note": "Official domain list used by the link checker."
    },
    {
      "id": "royal-mail",
      "name": "Royal Mail",
      "mode": "post",
      "destinations": [
        "GB",
        "GB-NI"
      ],
      "domains": [
        "royalmail.com"
      ],
      "home": "https://www.royalmail.com/",
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.royalmail.com/",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "date_note": "Official domain list used by the link checker."
    },
    {
      "id": "parcelforce",
      "name": "Parcelforce",
      "mode": "post",
      "destinations": [
        "GB",
        "GB-NI"
      ],
      "domains": [
        "parcelforce.com"
      ],
      "home": "https://www.parcelforce.com/",
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.parcelforce.com/",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "date_note": "Official domain list used by the link checker."
    },
    {
      "id": "deutsche-post",
      "name": "Deutsche Post / DHL Paket",
      "mode": "post",
      "destinations": [
        "DE"
      ],
      "domains": [
        "dhl.de",
        "deutschepost.de"
      ],
      "home": "https://www.dhl.de/",
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.dhl.de/",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "date_note": "Official domain list used by the link checker."
    },
    {
      "id": "postnl",
      "name": "PostNL",
      "mode": "post",
      "destinations": [
        "NL"
      ],
      "domains": [
        "postnl.nl"
      ],
      "home": "https://www.postnl.nl/",
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.postnl.nl/",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "date_note": "Official domain list used by the link checker."
    },
    {
      "id": "la-poste",
      "name": "La Poste / Colissimo",
      "mode": "post",
      "destinations": [
        "FR"
      ],
      "domains": [
        "laposte.fr"
      ],
      "home": "https://www.laposte.fr/",
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.laposte.fr/",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "unconfirmed",
      "date_note": "Official domain list used by the link checker."
    },
    {
      "id": "poste-italiane",
      "name": "Poste Italiane",
      "mode": "post",
      "destinations": [
        "IT"
      ],
      "domains": [
        "poste.it"
      ],
      "home": "https://www.poste.it/",
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.poste.it/",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "unconfirmed",
      "date_note": "Official domain list used by the link checker."
    },
    {
      "id": "an-post",
      "name": "An Post",
      "mode": "post",
      "destinations": [
        "IE"
      ],
      "domains": [
        "anpost.com"
      ],
      "home": "https://www.anpost.com/",
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.anpost.com/",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "unconfirmed",
      "date_note": "Official domain list used by the link checker."
    },
    {
      "id": "correos",
      "name": "Correos",
      "mode": "post",
      "destinations": [
        "ES"
      ],
      "domains": [
        "correos.es"
      ],
      "home": "https://www.correos.es/",
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.correos.es/",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "unconfirmed",
      "date_note": "Official domain list used by the link checker."
    },
    {
      "id": "bpost",
      "name": "bpost",
      "mode": "post",
      "destinations": [
        "BE"
      ],
      "domains": [
        "bpost.be"
      ],
      "home": "https://www.bpost.be/",
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.bpost.be/",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "unconfirmed",
      "date_note": "Official domain list used by the link checker."
    },
    {
      "id": "posta-romana",
      "name": "Posta Romana",
      "mode": "post",
      "destinations": [
        "RO"
      ],
      "domains": [
        "posta-romana.ro"
      ],
      "home": "https://www.posta-romana.ro/",
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.posta-romana.ro/",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "unconfirmed",
      "date_note": "Official domain list used by the link checker."
    },
    {
      "id": "canada-post",
      "name": "Canada Post",
      "mode": "post",
      "destinations": [
        "CA"
      ],
      "domains": [
        "canadapost-postescanada.ca",
        "canadapost.ca"
      ],
      "home": "https://www.canadapost-postescanada.ca/",
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.canadapost-postescanada.ca/",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "date_note": "Official domain list used by the link checker."
    },
    {
      "id": "australia-post",
      "name": "Australia Post",
      "mode": "post",
      "destinations": [
        "AU"
      ],
      "domains": [
        "auspost.com.au"
      ],
      "home": "https://auspost.com.au/",
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://auspost.com.au/",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "unconfirmed",
      "date_note": "Official domain list used by the link checker."
    }
  ],
  "origins": [
    {
      "code": "CN",
      "name": "China",
      "eu": false
    },
    {
      "code": "VN",
      "name": "Vietnam",
      "eu": false
    },
    {
      "code": "BR",
      "name": "Brazil",
      "eu": false
    },
    {
      "code": "IN",
      "name": "India",
      "eu": false
    },
    {
      "code": "BD",
      "name": "Bangladesh",
      "eu": false
    },
    {
      "code": "PK",
      "name": "Pakistan",
      "eu": false
    },
    {
      "code": "KH",
      "name": "Cambodia",
      "eu": false
    },
    {
      "code": "ID",
      "name": "Indonesia",
      "eu": false
    },
    {
      "code": "MY",
      "name": "Malaysia",
      "eu": false
    },
    {
      "code": "LK",
      "name": "Sri Lanka",
      "eu": false
    },
    {
      "code": "MX",
      "name": "Mexico",
      "eu": false
    },
    {
      "code": "CA",
      "name": "Canada",
      "eu": false
    },
    {
      "code": "US",
      "name": "United States",
      "eu": false
    },
    {
      "code": "GB",
      "name": "United Kingdom",
      "eu": false
    },
    {
      "code": "TW",
      "name": "Taiwan",
      "eu": false
    },
    {
      "code": "JP",
      "name": "Japan",
      "eu": false
    },
    {
      "code": "KR",
      "name": "South Korea",
      "eu": false
    },
    {
      "code": "CH",
      "name": "Switzerland",
      "eu": false
    },
    {
      "code": "DE",
      "name": "Germany (EU)",
      "eu": true
    },
    {
      "code": "FR",
      "name": "France (EU)",
      "eu": true
    },
    {
      "code": "IT",
      "name": "Italy (EU)",
      "eu": true
    },
    {
      "code": "NL",
      "name": "Netherlands (EU)",
      "eu": true
    },
    {
      "code": "ES",
      "name": "Spain (EU)",
      "eu": true
    },
    {
      "code": "IE",
      "name": "Ireland (EU)",
      "eu": true
    },
    {
      "code": "BE",
      "name": "Belgium (EU)",
      "eu": true
    },
    {
      "code": "RO",
      "name": "Romania (EU)",
      "eu": true
    },
    {
      "code": "AU",
      "name": "Australia",
      "eu": false
    },
    {
      "code": "OTHER",
      "name": "Other / not sure",
      "eu": false
    }
  ],
  "statuses": [
    {
      "id": "inbound-into-customs",
      "label": "Inbound Into Customs",
      "aliases": [
        "inbound into customs"
      ],
      "carriers": [
        "usps"
      ],
      "severity": "watch",
      "meaning": "The parcel has reached the border queue. It has not been assessed yet.",
      "actions": [
        "Wait. Nothing is payable yet.",
        "Check the invoice shows the true value and where the goods were made."
      ],
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.uspis.gov/news/scam-article/smishing-package-tracking-text-scams",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "unconfirmed",
      "date_note": "Carrier wording varies; exact strings are reported wording, not verified per carrier."
    },
    {
      "id": "awaiting-presentation",
      "label": "Awaiting presentation to customs",
      "aliases": [
        "awaiting presentation"
      ],
      "carriers": [
        "royal-mail",
        "parcelforce"
      ],
      "severity": "watch",
      "meaning": "Waiting in line to be shown to customs.",
      "actions": [
        "Wait. Nothing is payable yet.",
        "If a fee follows, it arrives as a card or official email, not a random text."
      ],
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://personal.help.royalmail.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/7208/~/help-with-paying-customs-fees",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "unconfirmed",
      "date_note": "Carrier wording varies; exact strings are reported wording, not verified per carrier."
    },
    {
      "id": "presented-to-customs",
      "label": "Item presented to customs",
      "aliases": [
        "presented to customs"
      ],
      "carriers": [
        "royal-mail",
        "canada-post",
        "postnl"
      ],
      "severity": "watch",
      "meaning": "Customs has the parcel and may assess it.",
      "actions": [
        "Wait. Nothing is payable yet."
      ],
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.douane.nl/en/themes/online-shopping-and-parcels/where-is-my-parcel/",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "unconfirmed",
      "date_note": "Carrier wording varies; exact strings are reported wording, not verified per carrier."
    },
    {
      "id": "arrived-at-customs",
      "label": "Arrived at customs",
      "aliases": [
        "arrived at customs",
        "at customs"
      ],
      "carriers": [
        "dhl-express",
        "deutsche-post"
      ],
      "severity": "watch",
      "meaning": "At the clearance point, not yet released.",
      "actions": [
        "Wait. Check that the sender gave a full description and value."
      ],
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.dhl.de/en/privatkunden/hilfe-kundenservice/themen/international/sendungsverfolgung/was-bedeutet-mein-sendungsstatus.html",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "unconfirmed",
      "date_note": "Carrier wording varies; exact strings are reported wording, not verified per carrier."
    },
    {
      "id": "customs-clearance-process",
      "label": "Customs clearance process",
      "aliases": [
        "clearance process",
        "in clearance",
        "clearance in progress"
      ],
      "carriers": [
        "dhl-express",
        "ups",
        "fedex"
      ],
      "severity": "watch",
      "meaning": "Clearance is in progress.",
      "actions": [
        "Wait. Have the invoice ready in case the carrier asks for it."
      ],
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.dhl.de/en/privatkunden/hilfe-kundenservice/themen/international/sendungsverfolgung/was-bedeutet-mein-sendungsstatus.html",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "unconfirmed",
      "date_note": "Carrier wording varies; exact strings are reported wording, not verified per carrier."
    },
    {
      "id": "held-in-customs",
      "label": "Held in Customs",
      "aliases": [
        "held in customs"
      ],
      "carriers": [
        "usps"
      ],
      "severity": "hold",
      "meaning": "Customs or the broker needs data, documents or payment, or is inspecting the parcel.",
      "actions": [
        "Look for an official notice from the carrier or customs.",
        "Have the invoice, item description and where it was made ready.",
        "Do not pay through a text-message link."
      ],
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.uspis.gov/news/scam-article/smishing-package-tracking-text-scams",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "unconfirmed",
      "date_note": "Carrier wording varies; exact strings are reported wording, not verified per carrier."
    },
    {
      "id": "held-by-customs",
      "label": "Held by customs",
      "aliases": [
        "held by customs"
      ],
      "carriers": [
        "royal-mail",
        "canada-post",
        "australia-post"
      ],
      "severity": "hold",
      "meaning": "Customs has stopped the parcel for checks or missing information.",
      "actions": [
        "Wait for a written notice; respond only through the official site.",
        "Have the invoice ready."
      ],
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.canadapost-postescanada.ca/cpc/en/support/kb/tracking/tracking-statuses.page",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "unconfirmed",
      "date_note": "Carrier wording varies; exact strings are reported wording, not verified per carrier."
    },
    {
      "id": "clearance-delay",
      "label": "Clearance delay",
      "aliases": [
        "clearance delay",
        "delay in clearance"
      ],
      "carriers": [
        "fedex"
      ],
      "severity": "hold",
      "meaning": "The clearance broker needs more information or a payment arrangement.",
      "actions": [
        "Contact the carrier through its official site with the tracking number.",
        "Provide invoice, description and tax ID if asked."
      ],
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.fedex.com/en-ca/contact-us/faq/track-packages/package-status/clearance-delay.html",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "unconfirmed",
      "date_note": "Carrier wording varies; exact strings are reported wording, not verified per carrier."
    },
    {
      "id": "clearance-event",
      "label": "Clearance event",
      "aliases": [
        "clearance event"
      ],
      "carriers": [
        "dhl-express"
      ],
      "severity": "hold",
      "meaning": "A customs event has paused delivery; often missing paperwork or charges to arrange.",
      "actions": [
        "Check DHL's official tracking page for a request.",
        "Provide documents if asked."
      ],
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.dhl.de/en/privatkunden/hilfe-kundenservice/themen/international/sendungsverfolgung/was-bedeutet-mein-sendungsstatus.html",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "unconfirmed",
      "date_note": "Carrier wording varies; exact strings are reported wording, not verified per carrier."
    },
    {
      "id": "seized",
      "label": "Seized / detained by customs",
      "aliases": [
        "seized",
        "detained"
      ],
      "carriers": [
        "usps",
        "ups",
        "fedex",
        "dhl-express"
      ],
      "severity": "hold",
      "meaning": "Customs is keeping the goods while it decides admissibility, or has seized them.",
      "actions": [
        "Read the notice carefully; it states your options.",
        "US: petition deadlines run from the notice (see clocks)."
      ],
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/19/145.59",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "unconfirmed",
      "date_note": "Carrier wording varies; exact strings are reported wording, not verified per carrier."
    },
    {
      "id": "import-fees-due",
      "label": "Import fees due",
      "aliases": [
        "import fees due",
        "fees due"
      ],
      "carriers": [
        "ups",
        "royal-mail"
      ],
      "severity": "pay",
      "meaning": "Charges have been assessed. Release follows payment.",
      "actions": [
        "Check the amount on the carrier's official site, not a text link.",
        "Compare it with the estimate below, then pay, refuse, or dispute."
      ],
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.ups.com/us/en/support/international-tools-resources/understanding-customs",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "unconfirmed",
      "date_note": "Carrier wording varies; exact strings are reported wording, not verified per carrier."
    },
    {
      "id": "fee-to-pay",
      "label": "Fee to pay",
      "aliases": [
        "fee to pay"
      ],
      "carriers": [
        "royal-mail",
        "parcelforce"
      ],
      "severity": "pay",
      "meaning": "A Fee-to-Pay card or email has been issued.",
      "actions": [
        "Pay only at royalmail.com or parcelforce.com.",
        "UK: you have 21 days before it goes back."
      ],
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://personal.help.royalmail.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/7208/~/help-with-paying-customs-fees",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "date_note": "Carrier wording varies; exact strings are reported wording, not verified per carrier."
    },
    {
      "id": "awaiting-duty-payment",
      "label": "Awaiting duty payment",
      "aliases": [
        "awaiting payment",
        "awaiting duty"
      ],
      "carriers": [
        "dhl-express",
        "fedex",
        "deutsche-post",
        "postnl"
      ],
      "severity": "pay",
      "meaning": "Duties or tax must be paid before delivery.",
      "actions": [
        "Verify on the carrier's official domain.",
        "Compare the demand with the estimate."
      ],
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.dhl.de/en/privatkunden/hilfe-kundenservice/themen/international/sendungsverfolgung/was-bedeutet-mein-sendungsstatus.html",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "unconfirmed",
      "date_note": "Carrier wording varies; exact strings are reported wording, not verified per carrier."
    },
    {
      "id": "duty-tax-assessment",
      "label": "Duty and tax assessment",
      "aliases": [
        "duty and tax",
        "assessment"
      ],
      "carriers": [
        "canada-post",
        "ups"
      ],
      "severity": "pay",
      "meaning": "Customs has calculated duty and tax.",
      "actions": [
        "Compare with the estimate. Canada: ask for a review with Form B2G if it is wrong."
      ],
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.canadapost-postescanada.ca/cpc/en/support/kb/tracking/tracking-statuses.page",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "unconfirmed",
      "date_note": "Carrier wording varies; exact strings are reported wording, not verified per carrier."
    },
    {
      "id": "clearance-completed",
      "label": "Customs clearance completed",
      "aliases": [
        "clearance completed",
        "cleared customs",
        "customs cleared"
      ],
      "carriers": [
        "usps",
        "ups",
        "fedex",
        "dhl-express",
        "royal-mail"
      ],
      "severity": "move",
      "meaning": "Released by customs. It is moving again.",
      "actions": [
        "Track with the same number on the destination carrier."
      ],
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.dhl.de/en/privatkunden/hilfe-kundenservice/themen/international/sendungsverfolgung/was-bedeutet-mein-sendungsstatus.html",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "unconfirmed",
      "date_note": "Carrier wording varies; exact strings are reported wording, not verified per carrier."
    },
    {
      "id": "handed-over",
      "label": "Handed over to local post",
      "aliases": [
        "handed over",
        "delivery partner",
        "forwarded"
      ],
      "carriers": [
        "dhl-express",
        "usps"
      ],
      "severity": "move",
      "meaning": "Passed to a domestic carrier for delivery.",
      "actions": [
        "Use the same number on the destination postal site."
      ],
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.dhl.de/en/privatkunden/hilfe-kundenservice/themen/international/sendungsverfolgung/was-bedeutet-mein-sendungsstatus.html",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "unconfirmed",
      "date_note": "Carrier wording varies; exact strings are reported wording, not verified per carrier."
    },
    {
      "id": "returned-to-sender",
      "label": "Returned to sender / refused",
      "aliases": [
        "returned",
        "refused",
        "return to sender",
        "unclaimed"
      ],
      "carriers": [
        "usps",
        "royal-mail",
        "canada-post",
        "postnl"
      ],
      "severity": "move",
      "meaning": "The parcel is going back, usually because charges were refused or not paid.",
      "actions": [
        "Ask the seller for a refund.",
        "If you paid import charges, see the refunds page."
      ],
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.dhl.com/us-en/home/express/help-and-support/frequently-asked-questions/customs-questions.html",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "unconfirmed",
      "date_note": "Carrier wording varies; exact strings are reported wording, not verified per carrier."
    }
  ],
  "clocks": [
    {
      "id": "us.clock.go15",
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "label": "Unentered goods move to a general order (GO) warehouse after",
      "amount": 15,
      "unit": "calendar_days",
      "starts_from": "arrival",
      "severities": [
        "watch",
        "hold",
        "pay"
      ],
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-19/chapter-I/part-123/subpart-A/section-123.10",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "date_note": "Statutory/carrier clock; in force at review.",
      "note": "Counted from arrival (unlading). The carrier notifies by day 20."
    },
    {
      "id": "us.clock.abandon",
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "label": "Goods in GO become unclaimed/abandoned after",
      "amount": 6,
      "unit": "months",
      "starts_from": "arrival",
      "severities": [
        "hold",
        "pay"
      ],
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-19/chapter-I/part-127/subpart-A/section-127.4",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "date_note": "Statutory/carrier clock; in force at review.",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "us.clock.detain5",
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "label": "CBP decides to release or detain, and sends notice, within",
      "amount": 5,
      "unit": "business_days",
      "starts_from": "arrival",
      "severities": [
        "hold"
      ],
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-19/chapter-I/part-151/subpart-A/section-151.16",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "date_note": "Statutory/carrier clock; in force at review.",
      "note": "Counted from presentation for examination."
    },
    {
      "id": "us.clock.exclusion30",
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "label": "No final admissibility decision means deemed excluded (protestable) after",
      "amount": 30,
      "unit": "calendar_days",
      "starts_from": "arrival",
      "severities": [
        "hold"
      ],
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-19/chapter-I/part-151/subpart-A/section-151.16",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "date_note": "Statutory/carrier clock; in force at review.",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "us.clock.seizure30",
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "label": "Petition against a seizure is generally due within",
      "amount": 30,
      "unit": "calendar_days",
      "starts_from": "notice",
      "severities": [
        "hold"
      ],
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-19/chapter-I/part-171/subpart-A/section-171.2",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "date_note": "Statutory/carrier clock; in force at review.",
      "note": "Counted from the date of the seizure notice."
    },
    {
      "id": "us.clock.protest180",
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "label": "CBP protest due within",
      "amount": 180,
      "unit": "calendar_days",
      "starts_from": "liquidation",
      "severities": [
        "pay",
        "move"
      ],
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.cbp.gov/trade/programs-administration/entry-summary/protests",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "date_note": "Statutory/carrier clock; in force at review.",
      "note": "Counted from liquidation. Informal entries are generally treated as liquidated at entry (verify with a broker)."
    },
    {
      "id": "uk.clock.pay21",
      "jurisdiction": "GB",
      "label": "Pay the Fee-to-Pay (online by day 19) or it is returned after",
      "amount": 21,
      "unit": "calendar_days",
      "starts_from": "notice",
      "severities": [
        "pay"
      ],
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://personal.help.royalmail.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/7208/~/help-with-paying-customs-fees",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "date_note": "Statutory/carrier clock; in force at review.",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "uk.clock.pay21ni",
      "jurisdiction": "GB-NI",
      "label": "Pay the Fee-to-Pay (online by day 19) or it is returned after",
      "amount": 21,
      "unit": "calendar_days",
      "starts_from": "notice",
      "severities": [
        "pay"
      ],
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://personal.help.royalmail.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/7208/~/help-with-paying-customs-fees",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "date_note": "Statutory/carrier clock; in force at review.",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "nl.clock.reclaim90",
      "jurisdiction": "NL",
      "label": "Reclaim import charges after a return within",
      "amount": 90,
      "unit": "calendar_days",
      "starts_from": "return",
      "severities": [
        "move"
      ],
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.douane.nl/en/themes/online-shopping-and-parcels/order-online-outside-the-netherlands/extra-costs-online-orders/reclaiming-import-duties-for-my-parcel-from-abroad/",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "date_note": "Statutory/carrier clock; in force at review.",
      "note": null
    },
    {
      "id": "ca.clock.review90",
      "jurisdiction": "CA",
      "label": "Ask CBSA for a review (re-determination) within",
      "amount": 90,
      "unit": "calendar_days",
      "starts_from": "notice",
      "severities": [
        "pay",
        "move"
      ],
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/publications/cn-ad/cn26-23-eng.html",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "unconfirmed",
      "date_note": "Statutory/carrier clock; in force at review.",
      "note": "Trigger date per CN 26-23; verify wording."
    }
  ],
  "refunds": [
    {
      "id": "nl.postnl",
      "jurisdiction": "NL",
      "title": "PostNL: object to clearance charges",
      "when": "You think PostNL's clearance charges are wrong.",
      "how": "Pay and accept the parcel first, then object via PostNL's chatbot; or refuse the parcel and it goes back to the sender.",
      "url": "https://www.postnl.nl/klantenservice/inklaringskosten/berekenen/",
      "deadline": null,
      "form": null,
      "carriers": null,
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.postnl.nl/klantenservice/inklaringskosten/berekenen/",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "date_note": "Route in force at review."
    },
    {
      "id": "us.ieepa.ups",
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "title": "IEEPA tariff refund: UPS",
      "when": "You paid IEEPA duties through UPS before 24 Feb 2026.",
      "how": "UPS reimburses the payer after CBP pays UPS. Watch for UPS contact; no fee to apply.",
      "url": "https://www.ups.com/us/en/shipping/international-shipping/tariffs/tariff-refunds",
      "deadline": null,
      "form": null,
      "carriers": [
        "ups"
      ],
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.ups.com/us/en/shipping/international-shipping/tariffs/tariff-refunds",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "date_note": "Route in force at review."
    },
    {
      "id": "us.ieepa.fedex",
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "title": "IEEPA tariff refund: FedEx portal",
      "when": "You paid IEEPA duties through FedEx before 24 Feb 2026.",
      "how": "Use FedEx's IEEPA refund portal at ieepa-refunds.fedex.com.",
      "url": "https://ieepa-refunds.fedex.com/faq",
      "deadline": null,
      "form": null,
      "carriers": [
        "fedex"
      ],
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://ieepa-refunds.fedex.com/faq",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "date_note": "Route in force at review."
    },
    {
      "id": "us.ieepa.dhl",
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "title": "IEEPA tariff refund: DHL",
      "when": "You paid IEEPA duties through DHL before 24 Feb 2026.",
      "how": "DHL generally refunds the original payer automatically.",
      "url": "https://www.dhl.com/discover/en-us/global-logistics-advice/logistics-insights/navigating-us-trade-uncertainty/IEEPA-Trump-Tariff-Refunds",
      "deadline": null,
      "form": null,
      "carriers": [
        "dhl-express"
      ],
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.dhl.com/discover/en-us/global-logistics-advice/logistics-insights/navigating-us-trade-uncertainty/IEEPA-Trump-Tariff-Refunds",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "date_note": "Route in force at review."
    },
    {
      "id": "us.ieepa.cape",
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "title": "IEEPA refunds for importers of record (CAPE)",
      "when": "You (or your business) were the importer of record.",
      "how": "File through CBP CAPE in ACE. Refunds generally arrive 60-90 days after acceptance.",
      "url": "https://www.cbp.gov/trade/programs-administration/trade-remedies/ieepa-duty-refunds",
      "deadline": null,
      "form": "CAPE declaration",
      "carriers": null,
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.cbp.gov/trade/programs-administration/trade-remedies/ieepa-duty-refunds",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "date_note": "Route in force at review."
    },
    {
      "id": "us.protest",
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "title": "CBP protest",
      "when": "You think duty was wrongly assessed on a US entry.",
      "how": "File a protest (CBP Form 19) within 180 days of liquidation. Informal entries are generally treated as liquidated at entry; ask a licensed broker.",
      "url": "https://www.cbp.gov/trade/programs-administration/entry-summary/protests",
      "deadline": "180 days from liquidation",
      "form": "CBP Form 19 (protest)",
      "carriers": null,
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.cbp.gov/trade/programs-administration/entry-summary/protests",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "date_note": "Route in force at review."
    },
    {
      "id": "us.seizure",
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "title": "Seizure petition",
      "when": "Customs seized your parcel.",
      "how": "Follow the notice. A petition is generally due within 30 days of the notice.",
      "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-19/chapter-I/part-171/subpart-A/section-171.2",
      "deadline": "30 days from the notice",
      "form": null,
      "carriers": null,
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-19/chapter-I/part-171/subpart-A/section-171.2",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "date_note": "Route in force at review."
    },
    {
      "id": "us.carrier",
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "title": "Carrier billing dispute",
      "when": "A carrier fee or advanced duty looks wrong.",
      "how": "Dispute through the carrier's official billing/help page. Keep the invoice and the notice.",
      "url": "https://www.dhl.com/us-en/home/express/help-and-support/frequently-asked-questions/customs-questions.html",
      "deadline": null,
      "form": null,
      "carriers": [
        "ups",
        "fedex",
        "dhl-express",
        "usps"
      ],
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.dhl.com/us-en/home/express/help-and-support/frequently-asked-questions/customs-questions.html",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "date_note": "Route in force at review."
    },
    {
      "id": "gb.bor286",
      "jurisdiction": "GB",
      "title": "BOR286: Royal Mail / Parcelforce overcharge or return",
      "when": "You paid VAT/duty to Royal Mail or Parcelforce and it was wrong, or you sent the goods back.",
      "how": "Fill in BOR286 (HMRC). Claim the Royal Mail handling fee from Royal Mail itself.",
      "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/report-incorrect-customs-duty-or-vat-on-items-imported-by-post-bor286",
      "deadline": null,
      "form": "BOR286",
      "carriers": [
        "royal-mail",
        "parcelforce"
      ],
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/report-incorrect-customs-duty-or-vat-on-items-imported-by-post-bor286",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "date_note": "Route in force at review."
    },
    {
      "id": "gb.c285",
      "jurisdiction": "GB",
      "title": "C285: other couriers",
      "when": "You paid through DHL, UPS, FedEx or another courier.",
      "how": "Claim with HMRC form C285 (via GOV.UK).",
      "url": "https://www.gov.uk/goods-sent-from-abroad/tax-and-duty",
      "deadline": null,
      "form": "C285",
      "carriers": [
        "dhl-express",
        "ups",
        "fedex"
      ],
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/goods-sent-from-abroad/tax-and-duty",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "date_note": "Route in force at review."
    },
    {
      "id": "gb.refuse",
      "jurisdiction": "GB",
      "title": "Refuse before paying",
      "when": "The charge is wrong or you no longer want the item.",
      "how": "Do not pay; after 21 days it returns to the sender. Then ask the seller for a refund.",
      "url": "https://personal.help.royalmail.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/7208/~/help-with-paying-customs-fees",
      "deadline": "21 days from the Fee-to-Pay",
      "form": null,
      "carriers": null,
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://personal.help.royalmail.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/7208/~/help-with-paying-customs-fees",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "date_note": "Route in force at review."
    },
    {
      "id": "ni.bor286",
      "jurisdiction": "GB-NI",
      "title": "BOR286 / C285 (Northern Ireland)",
      "when": "As for Great Britain.",
      "how": "Same HMRC routes: BOR286 for Royal Mail/Parcelforce, C285 for couriers.",
      "url": "https://www.gov.uk/goods-sent-from-abroad/tax-and-duty",
      "deadline": null,
      "form": "BOR286 / C285",
      "carriers": null,
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/goods-sent-from-abroad/tax-and-duty",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "date_note": "Route in force at review."
    },
    {
      "id": "eu.ioss",
      "jurisdiction": "EU",
      "title": "IOSS VAT refund from the seller",
      "when": "VAT was charged at checkout (IOSS) and you returned the goods.",
      "how": "Ask the seller or marketplace; IOSS VAT is refunded by them, not customs.",
      "url": "https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/customs/eu-customs-reform_en",
      "deadline": null,
      "form": null,
      "carriers": null,
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/customs/eu-customs-reform_en",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "date_note": "Route in force at review."
    },
    {
      "id": "eu.handling",
      "jurisdiction": "EU",
      "title": "Carrier handling fees",
      "when": "You paid a post/courier handling fee.",
      "how": "Carrier handling fees are generally non-refundable. The €2 Union handling fee (live 1 Nov 2026) is never refunded, even if the goods are faulty. Ask the carrier only if a carrier fee was charged in error.",
      "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=OJ%3AL_202602152",
      "deadline": null,
      "form": null,
      "carriers": null,
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=OJ%3AL_202602152",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-11-02",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "date_note": "Route in force at review."
    },
    {
      "id": "nl.reclaim",
      "jurisdiction": "NL",
      "title": "Netherlands: reclaim after return",
      "when": "You returned the goods after paying import charges.",
      "how": "Reclaim via the carrier/customs within 90 days after the return.",
      "url": "https://www.douane.nl/en/themes/online-shopping-and-parcels/order-online-outside-the-netherlands/extra-costs-online-orders/reclaiming-import-duties-for-my-parcel-from-abroad/",
      "deadline": "90 days after the return",
      "form": null,
      "carriers": null,
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.douane.nl/en/themes/online-shopping-and-parcels/order-online-outside-the-netherlands/extra-costs-online-orders/reclaiming-import-duties-for-my-parcel-from-abroad/",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "date_note": "Route in force at review."
    },
    {
      "id": "ie.revenue",
      "jurisdiction": "IE",
      "title": "Ireland: Revenue refund claim",
      "when": "You paid import charges in Ireland that should be refunded.",
      "how": "Use Revenue's refund route.",
      "url": "https://www.revenue.ie/en/customs/individuals/buying-online-personal/claim-refund.aspx",
      "deadline": null,
      "form": null,
      "carriers": null,
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.revenue.ie/en/customs/individuals/buying-online-personal/claim-refund.aspx",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "date_note": "Route in force at review."
    },
    {
      "id": "eu.national",
      "jurisdiction": "EU",
      "title": "Other EU countries",
      "when": "You paid import charges and want to dispute or reclaim them.",
      "how": "Ask the carrier that collected the charge for the national customs refund route. No EU-wide hold or refund period exists.",
      "url": "https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/customs/eu-customs-reform_en",
      "deadline": null,
      "form": null,
      "carriers": null,
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/customs/eu-customs-reform_en",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "unconfirmed",
      "date_note": "Route in force at review."
    },
    {
      "id": "ca.b2g",
      "jurisdiction": "CA",
      "title": "Canada: Form B2G",
      "when": "Duty, tax or US-goods surtax on a casual (personal) import looks wrong, or the goods went back.",
      "how": "Ask CBSA for an adjustment or refund using Form B2G.",
      "url": "https://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/publications/cn-ad/cn26-23-eng.html",
      "deadline": null,
      "form": "B2G",
      "carriers": null,
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/publications/cn-ad/cn26-23-eng.html",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "date_note": "Route in force at review."
    },
    {
      "id": "au.abf",
      "jurisdiction": "AU",
      "title": "Australia: refunds above A$1,000",
      "when": "You paid duty/GST on an import over A$1,000.",
      "how": "Contact the carrier/broker and the ABF. Route details not verified here.",
      "url": "https://www.abf.gov.au/importing-exporting-and-manufacturing/importing/how-to-import/import-declaration",
      "deadline": null,
      "form": null,
      "carriers": null,
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.abf.gov.au/importing-exporting-and-manufacturing/importing/how-to-import/import-declaration",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "unconfirmed",
      "date_note": "Route in force at review."
    },
    {
      "id": "au.gst",
      "jurisdiction": "AU",
      "title": "Australia: GST charged at checkout",
      "when": "The seller charged 10% GST at checkout and you returned the goods.",
      "how": "Ask the seller or marketplace for the GST refund.",
      "url": "https://www.ato.gov.au/businesses-and-organisations/international-tax-for-business/gst-for-non-resident-businesses/gst-on-low-value-imported-goods",
      "deadline": null,
      "form": null,
      "carriers": null,
      "effective_from": null,
      "effective_to": null,
      "source_url": "https://www.ato.gov.au/businesses-and-organisations/international-tax-for-business/gst-for-non-resident-businesses/gst-on-low-value-imported-goods",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed",
      "date_note": "Route in force at review."
    }
  ],
  "scam": {
    "rules": [
      {
        "text": "Unexpected texts saying a package is held and a small fee is due are a common scam pattern.",
        "source_url": "https://consumer.ftc.gov/consumer-alerts/2025/04/think-text-message-usps-it-could-be-scam"
      },
      {
        "text": "USPS does not text payment links.",
        "source_url": "https://www.uspis.gov/news/scam-article/smishing-package-tracking-text-scams"
      },
      {
        "text": "Royal Mail publishes examples of fake messages.",
        "source_url": "https://www.royalmail.com/help/scam-examples"
      },
      {
        "text": "Type the carrier's address yourself and enter the tracking number there.",
        "source_url": "https://www.fcc.gov/how-identify-and-avoid-package-delivery-scams"
      }
    ],
    "report": [
      {
        "where": "US",
        "how": "Forward the text to 7726 (SPAM), report at ReportFraud.ftc.gov",
        "url": "https://reportfraud.ftc.gov/",
        "source_url": "https://consumer.ftc.gov/consumer-alerts/2025/04/think-text-message-usps-it-could-be-scam"
      },
      {
        "where": "UK",
        "how": "Forward the text to 7726; see Royal Mail's scam page",
        "url": "https://www.royalmail.com/help/scam-examples",
        "source_url": "https://www.royalmail.com/help/scam-examples"
      }
    ],
    "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
    "effective_from": null,
    "effective_to": null,
    "source_url": "https://consumer.ftc.gov/consumer-alerts/2025/04/think-text-message-usps-it-could-be-scam",
    "confidence": "confirmed"
  },
  "watchlist": [
    {
      "date": "2026-11-01",
      "item": "EU product identifiers mandatory on H7 low-value declarations (in force, no delay)",
      "jurisdiction": "EU",
      "source_url": "https://www.douane.nl/en/themes/import-and-export/import/e-commerce/including-product-identifiers-in-your-e-commerce-declaration/",
      "effective_from": "2026-11-01",
      "effective_to": null,
      "last_reviewed": "2026-11-02",
      "confidence": "confirmed"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-12-04",
      "item": "US s232 polysilicon action",
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "source_url": "https://www.everycrsreport.com/files/2026-10-08_R49481_ab4c7edd9ff7686b08fe8599738ceea629983ebf.html",
      "effective_from": "2026-12-04",
      "effective_to": null,
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "unconfirmed"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-12-07",
      "item": "US: CBP Low-Value Shipments proposed rule (USCBP-2026-0298) comment deadline",
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "source_url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/10/08/2026-20650/low-value-shipments",
      "effective_from": "2026-10-08",
      "effective_to": null,
      "last_reviewed": "2026-11-09",
      "confidence": "confirmed"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-12-22",
      "item": "Italy: DL 193/2026 conversion deadline (60 days from GU 23 Oct 2026)",
      "jurisdiction": "IT",
      "source_url": "https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2026/10/23/26G00216/sg",
      "effective_from": "2026-12-22",
      "effective_to": null,
      "last_reviewed": "2026-11-09",
      "confidence": "confirmed"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-12-31",
      "item": "Italy: 2027 Budget Bill (A.C. 3174) Art. 30 proposes repeal of the €2 fee (vote date not fixed)",
      "jurisdiction": "IT",
      "source_url": "https://documenti.camera.it/leg19/pdl/pdf/leg.19.pdl.camera.3174.19PDL0221140.pdf",
      "effective_from": "2026-12-31",
      "effective_to": null,
      "last_reviewed": "2026-11-09",
      "confidence": "unconfirmed"
    },
    {
      "date": "2027-01-01",
      "item": "US lumber s232 increase",
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "source_url": "https://www.everycrsreport.com/files/2026-10-08_R49481_ab4c7edd9ff7686b08fe8599738ceea629983ebf.html",
      "effective_from": "2027-01-01",
      "effective_to": null,
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "unconfirmed"
    },
    {
      "date": "2027-01-01",
      "item": "Italy €2 per consignment fee start (possible; repeal proposed)",
      "jurisdiction": "IT",
      "source_url": "https://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:decreto.legge:2026-10-23;193",
      "effective_from": "2027-01-01",
      "effective_to": null,
      "last_reviewed": "2026-11-09",
      "confidence": "possible"
    },
    {
      "date": "2027-01-09",
      "item": "US: 178 China Section 301 exclusions extended through 11:59 p.m. ET 9 Jan 2027",
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "source_url": "https://public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2026-22925.pdf",
      "effective_from": "2026-11-10",
      "effective_to": "2027-01-10",
      "last_reviewed": "2026-11-09",
      "confidence": "confirmed"
    },
    {
      "date": "2027-01-20",
      "item": "US Entry Type 13 mandatory for mail",
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "source_url": "https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/10/22/2026-21600/indefinite-suspension-of-the-de-minimis-exemption-for-mail-shipments-and-new-postal-informal-entry",
      "effective_from": "2027-01-20",
      "effective_to": null,
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed"
    },
    {
      "date": "2027-02-09",
      "item": "US drone components action",
      "jurisdiction": "US",
      "source_url": "https://www.everycrsreport.com/files/2026-10-08_R49481_ab4c7edd9ff7686b08fe8599738ceea629983ebf.html",
      "effective_from": "2027-02-09",
      "effective_to": null,
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "unconfirmed"
    },
    {
      "date": "2027-12-01",
      "item": "EU Commission review of the €3 duty",
      "jurisdiction": "EU",
      "source_url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32026R0382",
      "effective_from": "2027-12-01",
      "effective_to": null,
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed"
    },
    {
      "date": "2028-07-01",
      "item": "EU €3 temporary duty ends (or is extended)",
      "jurisdiction": "EU",
      "source_url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32026R0382",
      "effective_from": "2028-07-01",
      "effective_to": null,
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed"
    },
    {
      "date": "2028-10-01",
      "item": "UK £135 relief removed (latest date)",
      "jurisdiction": "GB",
      "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/reforming-the-customs-treatment-of-low-value-imports-into-the-united-kingdom/outcome/reforming-the-customs-treatment-of-low-value-imports-into-the-united-kingdom-consultation-response",
      "effective_from": "2028-10-01",
      "effective_to": null,
      "last_reviewed": "2026-10-22",
      "confidence": "confirmed"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-11-01",
      "item": "DHL: consolidated B2C customs clearance into the EU ended; individual clearance only",
      "jurisdiction": "EU",
      "source_url": "https://www.dhl.com/discover/en-jp/logistics-advice/import-export-advice/de-minimis-eu",
      "effective_from": "2026-11-01",
      "effective_to": null,
      "last_reviewed": "2026-11-09",
      "confidence": "confirmed"
    }
  ],
  "next_review_reason": "Weekly check on Monday 16 Nov 2026, one week after the 9 Nov 2026 review. Not the DL 162/2026 conversion date: DL 193/2026 art. 1 comma 4 letter b repealed that article. DL 193 itself converts by 22 Dec 2026."
}